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The success of any cancer treatment depends on how far the cancer process has gone. The stage of prostate cancer says a lot about what type of treatments can be used and what are the chances of cure.
READ IN THE ARTICLE:
Treatment of prostate cancer in the initial stages
Testimony on the treatment of prostate cancer stage 2
Treatment of prostate cancer in 3rd & 4th stage
Testimony on the treatment of prostate cancer stage 3
Stages of prostate cancer
To identify the stage of prostate cancer, three basic classifications are used:
- classification according to the level of PSA in the blood (sharply increases in the presence of a tumor process);
- classification according to the degree of malignancy of the neoplasm – the Gleason score from 2 to 10 (carrying out a histological evaluation of the differentiation of tumor samples obtained with the biopsy of the prostate gland)
- TNM-classification of a tumor: T – degree of its prevalence, N – presence of cancerous cells in regional lymph nodes, M – metastasis.
- T1N0M0, up to 6 on the Gleason scale, PSA <10 ng / ml - the size of the lesion is small (not diagnosed with ultrasound). The tumor is localized in the prostate gland. Lymph nodes are clean, there is no metastasis.
- T2aN0M0, up to 6 on the Gleason scale, PSA <10 ng / ml - neoplasm is no more than 50% of the prostate size. It can be detected by visual diagnostics. Neoplasm still does not leave the border of the body. Lymph nodes are clean, metastases not present.
STAGE 1 OF PROSTATE CANCER
- T3N0M0 and any values of other indicators – the tumor leaves the organ (often spreads on seminal vesicles). Lymph nodes are clean, metastases not detected.
STAGE 3 PROSTATE CANCER
- Stage 2A, T1N0M0, 7 Gleason, PSA <20 ng / ml or T1N0M0, 6 and less Gleason, PSA 10-20 ng / ml - in the ultrasound examination of the neoplasm is not visible, the tumor can be diagnosed with a biopsy. Lymph nodes are clean, there is no metastasis.
- Stage 2A, T2a-2bN0M0, up to 7 points according to the Gleason classification, PSA <20 ng / ml - the tumor is felt on palpation and detected with ultrasound. Its tumor size exceeds the volume of 1 lobe of the organ. Lymph nodules are not affected, there is no metastases present.
- Stage 2B, T2cN0M0 and any values of PSA and Gleason scale – the size of the tumor exceeds the volume of 1 lobe of the prostate gland. Lymph nodules are not affected, there is no metastases present.
- Stage 2B, T1-2N0M0, any value of the Gleason scale, PSA> 20 ng / ml or T1-2N0M0, 8+ on the Gleason scale, any value of PSA: the tumor is localized within the boundaries of the organ, can have any dimensions not exceeding these boundaries. Lymph nodes are not affected, there is no metastases present.
STAGE 2 PROSTATE CANCER
STAGE 4 PROSTATE CANCER
At the fourth stage of a malignant tumor of the prostate, any indicators of all three classifications can be recorded. T4 means that the tumor has sprouted to the nearest organs. N1 suggests that the cancerous process affected regional lymph nodes. M1 speaks of metastasizing to distant organs.
TREATMENT OF PROSTATE CANCER IN THE INITIAL STAGES
Treatment of prostate cancer in stage 1 involves the use of minimally invasive methods. During this stage, the doctor faces the task not only to cure the patient of cancer, but also to preserve the potency and the sexual functions of the man. Thanks to the robotic operation, with the help of the Da Vinci Robot, 88% of men retain potency and complications in the form of problems with the bladder and urethra occur in less than 1% of cases.
One of the non-surgical methods, which is used at stage 1 of prostate cancer, is low-dose brachytherapy. Preservation of potency is also possible with the use of radiosurgery devices, for example, Cyber Knife.
The most effective treatment for prostate cancer stage 2 (mainly 2A) is surgical removal of the tumor. Prostatectomy can be performed both by open surgery methods and endoscopically (transurethral resection of the prostate), as well as using the Da Vinci Robot.
If the tumor has a high degree of aggressiveness (PSA exceeds 20, a score of 8 or more on the Gleason scale), then treatment of prostate cancer of grade 2 may require not only surgical intervention, but also other therapies. Combined treatment, in addition to surgery, also involves radiotherapy and hormone therapy.
Treatment of stage 2 prostate cancer can be carried out without surgery, if there are contraindications to it. Non-surgical methods of treatment include external and internal irradiation (brachytherapy). The most effective installation of external radiation therapy is the RapidArc device. For the non-surgical removal of tumors, the method of radiosurgery with the help of the Cyberknife is also used.
Modern treatment allows you to achieve a 5-year survival rate in 80-99% of cases.
TESTIMONY ON TREATMENT OF PROSTATE CANCER STAGE 2
“Our grandfather underwent treatment for a malignant prostate cancer in Korea, in the Severance Medical Center by Dr. Kun Ho Ra. The operation was conducted using robotic technologies, namely the Da Vinci Robot. Precisely because we needed such an operation, we chose this doctor, since he has vast experience in this field – more than 12 years, if I’m not mistaken, such specialists are very few in the world. At the moment, grandfather feels great, he is full of strength and desire to live. He’s 65 and everything is just beginning for him…” Eugene, Krasnoyarsk
TREATMENT OF PROSTATE CANCER IN STAGE 3 & STAGE 4
Surgical treatment of prostate cancer in stage 3 is more complicated, since the tumor has already sprouted beyond the boundaries of the organ. Such surgical intervention requires specialist qualifications and experience, which is why not all surgeons can perform a qualitative operation on the 3rd stage of the cancerous process.
Treatment for prostate cancer in Stage 3 also requires radiotherapy after surgery to destroy the remaining cancer cells. If the operation is not possible, then the methods of high-dose brachytherapy or radiosurgery are used.
TESTIMONY ON TREATMENT OF PROSTATE CANCER STAGE 3
“I want to leave feedback about the treatment in the European Center for the Prostate. I was very pleased and I advise everyone not to confine themselves to the nearest clinics, because all that I was offered at home is an open surgery with all the side effects that for man is just like end of the world. In the European center of the prostate, I was promised to be operated an by the Da Vinci Robot, in which the potency and all the functions of the male organism are preserved. Up to this point, I did not know anything about this kind of surgery, but now I can definitely say that I checked on myself and recommend everyone to spare no money, but stay healthy and live to the fullest …” Dmitry, Odessa
The treatment of prostate cancer in stage 4 is complicated by the onset of metastasis. Often, cancer cells are detected in bones due to metastasis. Today, unique drugs have been developed for the treatment of metastases in prostate cancer, that can prolong a man’s life. These drugs include Xofigo, consisting of the isotope Ra223 preparation, which accumulates in the bones and aimed to kill cancer cells.
Treatment of prostate cancer at 4th stage with metastases is a challenge to modern medicine. However, already today, thanks to effective treatment in the best clinics of Israel and Germany, the 5-year survival rate is 29%.
